Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Harold Lewis Wallin
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 30 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Washington University School of Law
Harold L. Wallin is a lawyer based in Chicago, whose practice includes both criminal defense and personal injury claims. He is a graduate of the University of Chicago and the Washington University School of Law. He is a member of the Illinois Bar and the Federal Trial Bar of the Northern District of Illinois. Mr. Wallin is also a member of the Illinois State Bar Association, the Chicago Bar Association, the Illinois Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and the Illinois Lawyer & Substance Abuse Counselor Association. He is a member of the Illinois State Bar Association’s Section on...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&A
Dragan Ivetic
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 26 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, International, Trademarks and White Collar Crime
University of Illinois College of Law
Dragan is an Illinois-licensed attorney with international reach and experience. Driven to study law to help people, Dragan is licensed to practice in the state court of Illinois, as well as the US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. For his trademark clients, Dragan is authorized to represent them before the USPTO Trademark Office as well as the TTAB.
He also is authorized to practice before the International Criminal Court, the United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, and the State Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina. He has been authorized to appear pro hac vice...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Paul F. Serkland
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and Traffic Tickets
The John Marshall Law School
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Matthew A. Chivari
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense
DePaul College of Law
The foundation of effective legal representation is a strong underlying attorney-client relationship. I engage with clients with one intention in mind: the best possible outcome for each client.
I build a relationship of understanding and trust with each client from the very first consultation. Aggressive representation requires a thorough investigation of the facts. I work diligently to craft the strongest possible defense, including collection and thorough review of supporting material such as discovery from the prosecution, interviews of any witnesses, and gathering of transcripts, documents, video footage or any other material. Armed with a robust understanding of the unique facts...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Mr. Henry B Samuels
Highland Park, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 41 years of experience
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Traffic Tickets and White Collar Crime
Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology
Henry B. Samuels is a member of Samuels & Bernstein in Highland Park, Illinois. He has a wide ranging practice and represents clients in a wide variety of litigation matters before Federal and State Courts as well as administrative agencies. With over 30 years of experience, Mr. Samuels has achieved tremendous results both at trial and through settlement. Mr. Samuels criminal practice includes representation of clients charged with Felonies, DUI’s, Misdemeanors, Traffic and Ordinance Violations. His areas of concentration include but are not limited to representing individuals in civil litigation matters, residential and commercial real estate transactions, and small businesses...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Bayarjargal Bayar Sereenen
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 11 years of experience
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Immigration and Traffic Tickets
Southern Illinois University - Carbondale
Unlike most other attorneys, as a former immigrant student of law, I have keen understanding about common needs of people of immigrant communities. I specialize in family/employment immigration, deportation defenses, all issues regarding visas, and asylum. You can have an assurance that I will resolve your immigration problem in timely, efficient, and more importantly, creative manner.
Claimed Lawyer Profile
David Brian Franks
Lake in the Hills, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 35 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense and DUI & DWI
Beijing University & Fudan University
David B. Franks is a highly effective Criminal Attorney, Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Lawyer and Traffic Defense Attorney who has practiced criminal law since being admitted to the Illinois Bar in 1989. Mr. Franks has more than fifteen years of criminal prosecution and defense experience. Mr. Franks served as an Assistant State’s Attorney in both Cook County and McHenry County, Illinois. In McHenry County he served four years as a prosecutor in the Misdemeanor and Felony Divisions. He served as one of the first two designated Domestic Battery Prosecutors in McHenry County, as well as the Misdemeanor and Traffic...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Todd Andrew Benison
Crystal Lake, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Divorce, Family and Foreclosure Defense
The John Marshall Law School
Mr. Benison earned his Juris Doctorate degree from the John Marshall Law School in Chicago. While attending Law School, Mr. Benison achieved the JMLS best oralist award for his participation in the 2L Herzog Moot Court Competition. He was selected for a student externship with the Kane County State’s Attorney’s Office during his final year of law school. Prior to entering Law School, Mr. Benison was in private practice as an accountant, working with local business in Northern Illinois. In his free time, Mr. Benison enjoys spending time with his wife, Erika, and their three children.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Robert Canfield
Rockford, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 47 years of experience
Criminal Defense, Business, Divorce and Family
University of Minnesota Law School
Attorney Robert (Bob) Canfield was born and raised in Rockford, IL. He graduated from Guilford High School in 1965. After joining the Army in February of 1968, he went on to Army flight school and graduated 2nd in his flight class. He spent a year in Vietnam flying CH-47 Chinook helicopters for the 101st Airborne Division and then returned to Fort Rucker, Alabama, as an Instrument Flight Instructor.
Following active Duty, he attended the University of Minnesota where he received his BA in psychology in 1976 and his Law degree in 1978. After taking and passing both the...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Jon P. Erickson
Decatur, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 24 years of experience
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Traffic Tickets
Southern Illinois University - Carbondale
Jon Erickson, known formally as Jonathan Parker Erickson, is a Decatur native and attended Decatur public schools through 12th grade. He graduated from Eisenhower High School in 1991 and completed his undergraduate degree in Criminal Justice Sciences at Illinois State University in 1995. He received his Juris Doctorate from Southern Illinois University in 1999. He was admitted to practice law in the State of Illinois in 2000.
Jon worked as an Assistant State's Attorney for Macon County from Spring 2000 until December 2000 at which time...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&A
Nrupa Patel
Decatur, IL Criminal Defense Attorney
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and Traffic Tickets
Nrupa Patel joined the BRE Law team as a partner in June of 2017. Nrupa is an experienced litigator, having served as a Macon County prosecutor for four years. During her time there, she handled a variety of matters, including: felonies, traffic cases, domestic batteries, and juvenile delinquencies.
Utilizing and leveraging her previous experience and knowledge of the criminal justice system, Nrupa primarily practices criminal defense and family law at BRE Law. Nrupa is multilingual, giving her the unique ability to assist clients in Spanish, Hindi, and Gujarati.
Nrupa is a native of the Chicago suburbs. After graduating from high school, she...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Brendan W Caver
Rockford, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 19 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Juvenile and White Collar Crime
Loyola University Chicago
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Scott W. Brammer
McHenry, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 32 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Bankruptcy, Real Estate and Traffic Tickets
University of South Dakota School of Law
Scott W. Brammer grew up in Crystal Lake, Illinois. He attended Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science. After graduating from the University of South Dakota School of Law in 1992, where he earned his Juris Doctor degree, Mr. Brammer was admitted to practice law in the State of Illinois. That same year, he was also admitted to practice in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Scott has spent over 30 years as an attorney in McHenry concentrating on Family Law, Residential and...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Andrew Gable
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 25 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Appeals and White Collar Crime
The George Washington University Law School
Andrew Gable represents individuals arrested and charged with federal and state felony and misdemeanor crimes throughout the Chicago and Cook County area. He also handles state and federal criminal appeals. He has handled a wide range of cases from murder, felony sexual assault, and felony drug possession to DUI, marijuana possession, and domestic violence. He has represented alleged organized crime members, alleged gang members, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, lawyers, prosecutors, state and federal law enforcement officers, prison guards, military personnel, bus drivers, truck drivers, teachers, students, entertainers, and executives. ...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Douglas B. Harper
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 39 years of experience
(312) 214-2454
Two Prudential Plaza
180 N. Stetson Avenue, Suite 3500
Chicago, IL 60601-6769
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Appeals, Civil Rights and Employment
New York University School of Law
I've been a trial lawyer for over 30 years. I graduated from Yale and NYU Law School, and my legal career began as a criminal prosecutor in New York City. Then I moved to Chicago and became a partner with a mid-sized litigation firm for 10 years, receiving litigation training from some of the best trial lawyers in the city. I opened my current law office in Chicago in 1998. In addition to practicing law full time, I've also been teaching trial skills to practicing lawyers every year since 1994 as a faculty member with The National Institute for Trial...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Sami Ziad Azhari
Rolling Meadows, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 17 years of experience
(847) 255-2100
3601 Algonquin Road
Suite 716
Rolling Meadows, IL 60008
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Traffic Tickets and White Collar Crime
Michigan State University
Sami Azhari focuses his practice on criminal defense in state and federal courts. His primary areas of practice include felonies such as drug possession, drug trafficking, assault and battery, weapons charges, and white collar crime, as well as misdemeanors and traffic violations. He has litigated numerous cases in state and federal courts, and has actively participated in all aspects of the litigation and trial process, including taking and defending depositions of lay and expert witnesses, conducting fact and expert discovery, briefing and arguing substantive motions, and conducting bench and jury trials with first chair experience. His...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Michael T. Schulenberg
Batavia, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 25 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Personal Injury
Wayne State University Law School
When hiring an attorney you need to have someone on your side that concentrates their practice in one or two areas of law. I concentrate my practice in representing those charged with criminal and traffic offenses, family law, and litigation.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
John Ioakimidis
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 30 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Bankruptcy, Business and Real Estate
Western Michigan University Cooley Law School
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Juan Ooink
Bolingbrook, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 21 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and IP
DePaul College of Law
Criminal defense attorney practicing in Will, Du Page, Cook, Kane, Kendall and surrounding areas handling matter from minor traffic tickets, DUIs, domestic battery, drugs cases, sex cases and all misdemeanors and felonies.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Michael Poulakidas
Aurora, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 26 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Personal Injury and Real Estate
Western Michigan University
Graduated Law School in 1998. Passed the Bar Exam and was admitted to practice in the State of Illinois in May of 1998.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Meagan K. Box
Peoria, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 18 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Estate Planning
Southern Illinois University School of Law
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Michael Forkan
Homer Glen, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 19 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
John Marshall Law School, Chicago, Illinois
At Forkan Law, we provide affordable, effective and personalized legal counsel and representation in the areas of bankruptcy law, criminal defense, divorce and real estate law. With offices in Burr Ridge and Chicago, we serve clients throughout the greater Chicago area of Illinois.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Christopher S. McCall
Peoria, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 22 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
University of Illinois College of Law
Attorney Christopher S. McCall is a Peoria criminal defense lawyer who has dealt with a wide variety of criminal charges and is equipped and qualified to take on your case and support you at this time. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he received his undergraduate degree. From there, he went on to earn his Juris Doctorate at the University of Illinois College of Law at Urbana-Champaign. He has dealt with all kinds of cases and accusations, and his experience can of great benefit to you at this time. Prior to opening McCall Law Offices, he worked...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Patricia Magana
Naperville, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 24 years of experience
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Juvenile and Traffic Tickets
Northern Illinois University College of Law
Ms. Magaña has extensive experience in criminal defense, including traffic, misdemeanor, and felony offenses. Additionally, she represents individuals in formal and informal hearings before the Secretary of State's Office.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial MediaResponsive Law
Paul Gentile
Orland Hills, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 45 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
Northern Illinois University
Paul Gentile has been practicing law for over 30 years. He started his career working for the leading law firm Baker and McKenzie. He served as an Assistant State's Attorney in the traffic, misdemeanor, and felony division for seven years, where he handled over a thousand drunk driving, hit and run, driving while revoked or suspended, misdemeanors, domestic violence, assault, weapons, drugs and countless other crimes. He established his general practice in Orland Park, Illinois in 1987. He expanded his practice to include family law. Over the course of his career, there are not many types of...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Jorie K. Johnson
Aurora, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 16 years of experience
(847) 922-8683
3015 East New York Street
Suite A2-178
Aurora, IL 60504
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense
The John Marshall Law School
I am an attorney licensed in Illinois and take cases in Cook, DuPage, Kane, Will, Kendall and other Chicago metropolitan area counties. I focus my practice on criminal records law (i.e., expungement, sealing and clemency) and would be happy to talk to you about your legal needs in this area!
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Scott A. Kent
Naperville, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Juvenile
DePaul College of Law
Scott A. Kent, a native of Western Pennsylvania, has been a partner at Martin & Kent, L.L.C. for more than two years. Prior to attending law school, he graduated Cum Laude from Northern Illinois University. Shortly thereafter, he earned his Juris Doctorate from the DePaul University College of Law in 1994. While in law school, Mr. Kent gravitated to the field of criminal law, even working as an intern with the DuPage County State’s Attorney’s Office. Ever since, he dedicated his professional career to criminal law.
His experience in the field of criminal law has earned him a place in the...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Gregory J. Martucci
Roselle, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 41 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Bankruptcy, DUI & DWI and Traffic Tickets
The John Marshall Law School
The Law Office of Gregory J. Martucci concentrates primarily in the areas of Bankruptcy (Chapter 7 & 13), Criminal Defense, DUI/Traffic Defense,Personal Injury, Workers' Compensation and Civil Litigation, serving Du Page and Cook Counties, and surrounding communities. When you hire Greg Martucci, you get an experienced lawyer with over 30 years' courtroom experience, a compassionate lawyer who will listen to you, and a responsive lawyer, who will answer your questions - and your phone calls. CALL US TODAY AT 630-980-8333, to schedule your FREE INITIAL OFFICE CONSULTATION. And visit our website: www.martuccilaw.com.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Richard F. Doerr
St. Charles, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 52 years of experience
(331) 210-0063
https://bankruptcy.mevorahlaw.com/
333 N. Randall Road, Suite 104
St. Charles, IL 60175
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense and Bankruptcy
Washington University School of Law
Richard Doerr is married and has two children and three teenage grandchildren. In his 40+ years' experience, Mr. Doerr has tried cases on matters ranging from speeding to murder. In 1972, he was selected out of 200 applicants as one of ten participants in the St. Louis County Prosecutor's intern program. During his 31 years in bankruptcy practice, he has seen two major revisions in bankruptcy laws, the first in 1978 and the second in 2005. Mr. Doerr's leisure activities include cross-country skiing, car shows, and driving his classic 1973 Corvette convertible.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Raul A Villalobos
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 50 years of experience
Criminal Defense, Business, DUI & DWI and Foreclosure Defense
University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign
Raul A. Villalobos is one of the most well known and respected trial attorneys in the Chicago land area. In his almost forty years of experience he has handled hundreds of criminal and civil trials and has represented individuals as well as Fortune 500 companies.
Currently, Raul A. Villalobos is the managing partner at Villalobos & Associates, which handles a wide range of cases from DUI to Consumer Fraud.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Kelly Moore
Stone Park, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Traffic Tickets
Prior to joining the team at Driver Defense Team, Kelly was a partner at McSweeney Moore Law Offices. She worked side by side with retired Judge Colleen McSweeney Moore beginning in 2013. Kelly joined McSweeney Moore Law Offices after graduating cum laude from the John Marshall Law School. She attended the John Marshall Law School from 2010-2013 and she was able to complete law school in only two and a half years.
Since being sworn in to the Illinois Bar, Kelly has practiced a variety of criminal law cases; everything from minor traffic offenses to class X felonies. She has participated...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Joel Gould
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
The John Marshall Law School and Rutgers School of Law-Camden
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Brian J. Mirandola
Elgin, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 24 years of experience
47 Du Page Court
Elgin, IL 60120
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Juvenile and Traffic Tickets
DePaul College of Law
I am criminal defense lawyer Brian J. Mirandola. I served as an assistant prosecuting attorney in Kane County for more than seven years, where I prosecuted hundreds of DUI cases and other misdemeanors and felonies. I understand the prosecutor's strategy. I was also a member of the criminal defense team at a large local law firm for nearly two years, where I learned that handling case files as they land in your in-box is no way to provide effective, honest criminal defense representation. That is why I opened my private solo practice last year. I started law school...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Colby G. Hathaway
Champaign, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 12 years of experience
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
Northern Illinois University
Colby is an associate attorney at Meyer Capel, A Professional Corporation. Awarded his juris doctorate with honors (magna cum laude) by Northern Illinois University in 2012, Colby demonstrated excellence though his academic endeavors and by his participation as the Symposium Editor for the Board of Editors of the Northern Illinois University Law Review and as an accomplished moot court competitor. Colby was a Semi-finalist at the 29th Annual NIU Prize Moot Court Competition and an Octofinalist at the 30th Annual John Marshall Law School International Moot Court Competition in Information Technology and Privacy Law. Colby has...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Michael O'Donnell
Wheaton, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 21 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Traffic Tickets
DePaul College of Law
Prior to entering private practice as an attorney in 2015, Mike worked at the DuPage County State's Attorney's Office for over 11 years, handling all types of felony, misdemeanor and traffic cases. Prior to becoming a prosecutor, Mike served as a clerk at the State's Attorney office conducting motion writing and legal research. As an Assistant State's Attorney, he has prosecuted thousands of cases including traffic, DUI, financial crimes, Drug crimes and Assaults and Batteries and other violent crimes. Mike served in the Traffic, Misdemeanor, Juvenile and Felony Division. He has conducted hundreds of trials and hearings involving traffic...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
David M. Smith
Chicago, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 19 years of experience
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Domestic Violence
Michigan State University College of Law
David Smith is a lawyer at Chicago Trusted Attorneys™, bringing his fifteen years of experience to clients charged with criminal offenses. This includes people charged with DWIs, domestic violence, or those seeking to get their criminal records sealed.
David Smith studied for his undergraduate degree at Northern Michigan University. Before attending law school at Michigan State University - College of Law, he worked at the Ingham County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office as a clerk. He also clerked for an Ingham County Circuit Court Judge.
While attending law school, he continually honed his legal skills by graduating from the Trial Practice Institute. This...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&AResponsive Law
Mrs. Lucinda D. Bugden
ROCKFORD, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 32 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Divorce, Family and Juvenile
Northern Illinois University
I have been practicing law for over 25 years and believe that I am one of the best litigators out there. I listen to my clients and put their requests into legal pleadings. I advocate for my clients zealously. I spend most of my time working and not much time with my family, that includes several very large dogs. I volunteer at a local school when I can as I believe that children need our patience and help to grow up to healthy and happy adults. It is my goal to make the world a better place for everyone. ...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Paul M. Marriett
Rockford, IL Criminal Defense Attorney with 13 years of experience
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Personal Injury and Traffic Tickets
Florida Coastal School of Law
The majority of my practice revolves around fighting for those injured in major and catastrophic motor vehicle accidents and defending those accused of DUI, Misdemeanor, Felony, and Traffic offenses. I have NEVER worked for, or taken on an insurance company as a client, and I've NEVER prosecuted anyone on behalf of a state or federal agency. When you hire me, if you e-mail, call, or text message the office, I'm the one that answers, when we go to court, I'll be the one there with you, NOT an associate. Feel free to read some reviews from former clients...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Daniel J. Reynolds
Decatur, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer
(217) 428-0948
Erickson, Davis, Murphy, Johnson & Walsh, Ltd.
132 S Water St., Ste. 610
Decatur, IL 62523
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Traffic Tickets
Saint Louis University School of Law
Dan Reynolds tells bad jokes and finds humor in the antics of poorly-behaved dogs. Dan is a lawyer serving Macon County and surrounding areas. His primary areas of practice are DUI, criminal law, divorce and family law, civil litigation, and FOID appeals.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Debbie Cohen
Northbrook, IL Criminal Defense Lawyer with 24 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Traffic Tickets
Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology
Debbie Cohen provides personalized, compassionate, yet aggressive representation for all Divorce and Family Law needs. She treats each client as if they are her sole priority. Ms. Cohen is vastly skilled in litigation, investigations, and negotiations and provide superior representation to those dealing with a divorce, parentage issues, child custody, child support, orders of protection or criminal/traffic matters.