Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Luis Villarroel
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 9 years of experience
(800) 808-4013
Georgetown Village 1 - 38 Triangle Park
Cincinnati, OH 45246
Free ConsultationImmigration
Capital University Law School
Luis Villarroel is lawyer in Columbus, Ohio at Herman Legal Group’s office conveniently located in Worthington. An immigrant from Venezuela, Luis has lived in Columbus for over 20 years. He serves as Of-Counsel to Herman Legal Group. Luis attended The Ohio State University for his undergraduate degree and obtained his law degree from Capital University Law School. His areas of practice include immigration, family and criminal law. Luis is fluent in Spanish and has worked closely with the Hispanic Community for over 15 years.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Jason Cavinder
Dayton, OH Attorney with 18 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
The University of Toledo College of Law
At Cavinder Law Office, our philosophical approach is to represent you as we would wish to be represented ourselves in the most important of our affairs. For each and every client, in each and every case, we understand that the best representation is achieved only through placing ourselves in the shoes of the client so that we can fully understand and empathize with his or her situation.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Dean Edward Hines
Dayton, OH Attorney with 30 years of experience
Free ConsultationDivorce, Family, Juvenile and Tax
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Our firm provides representation in regards to: Family Law, Domestic Relations/juvenile matters, Federal and State taxation, and numerous civil related business matters. Our practice areas and philosophy are fully detailed in my website www.deanhines.com. We have offices in Dayton and Columbus, Ohio. Our firm serves all counties in Southwest and Central Ohio. We pride ourselves in providing aggressive and conscientious representation taking into account the needs and goals of our clients. I have a BV rating from Martindale Hubbell which is an attorney rating service in which you are graded by your peers. We are committed...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Joshua Hodges
Hamilton, OH Attorney with 9 years of experience
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury
Northern Kentucky University
Josh Hodges has worked as a cashier, a busboy, a bartender, a machine operator, a drivers license examiner, an attorney at one of the largest law firms in the Midwestern United States, and is now the co-founder of Kruger and Hodges, LLC. His path to becoming a lawyer was long and it taught him that perseverance pays off and to not be afraid to take risks. Along the way, he was lucky enough to work beside people who work every day just to make ends meet, very successful professionals who assist some of the largest corporations in the...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Rhys J. Richards
Hamilton, OH Lawyer with 17 years of experience
Free ConsultationNursing Home, Personal Injury and Products Liability
University of Cincinnati College of Law
At the age of 13, I attended a civil rights march to Music Hall on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day with my Aunt Megan, who I have had the pleasure of practicing law with for my entire career. From that point, I had more than a passing interest in the civil rights of all people. During my Junior year at Bowling Green State University, where I was majoring in English and History and minoring in Africana Studies, I considered careers as an English professor or an attorney. After interning for a summer at Southwestern Ohio injury firm, I realized...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial MediaResponsive Law
Anthony B. Holman
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 16 years of experience
Free ConsultationConsumer, Personal Injury and Products Liability
University of Dayton School of Law
Anthony B. Holman is an attorney at the Philips Law Firm. From the firm's offices in Cincinnati, he focuses his practice on complex civil litigation, representing businesses and individuals throughout the greater metropolitan area. Admitted to practice in Ohio since 2008, Mr. Holman is also admitted to practice before the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio.
Raised in Cincinnati, Mr. Holman has extensive experience in representing clients who are involved in contract disputes and other types of business issues. His background also encompasses intellectual property and commercial real estate matters, and a portion of his practice includes personal...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Vania T. Stefanova
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 27 years of experience
(800) 808-4013
Georgetown Village
1 - 38 Triangle Park
Cincinnati, OH 45246
Immigration
University of Akron School of Law
Vania Stefanova is the head of the Immigration Litigation Division at Herman Legal Group, providing services in removal/deportation defense and appeals before the Board of Immigration Appeals. An immigrant from Bulgaria, Vania has over 20 years of experience in immigration law. Throughout her successful career, she has handled matters in all areas of immigration law. From family-based immigration such as relative and fiancé petitions – to business/employment and investment immigration (e.g. E, L, R visas, EB1/2 immigrant petitions) – to naturalization, Vania works tirelessly to give our clients the best advice and outcomes possible.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Greg D. Porter
Fairfield, OH Lawyer with 11 years of experience
Free ConsultationFamily, Immigration and Juvenile
Capital University Law School
Greg Porter was born and raised in Cincinnati, Ohio. He graduated from Bishop Fenwick High School in Middletown and then successfully completed Ohio's Firefighter Training Program. Afterwards, he found a call to serve his country and joined the United States Marine Corps Reserves. Fresh out of basic and combat training, Greg began his studies at the University of Cincinnati. In his second year of college, his studies were put on hold when he was called to serve a tour of duty in Iraq. Upon returning from active duty, he finished his Bachelor's degree. He then obtained his Juris Doctor from...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Barry Zimmer
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 45 years of experience
Business, Elder, Estate Planning and Nursing Home
University of Cincinnati College of Law
I founded THE ZIMMER LAW FIRM in June 1993, to practice in the areas of Estate Planning, Estate Administration, and Business Succession Planning. My goal was and continues to be helping clients understand and de-mystify the often confusing world of Estate Planning in an ever-changing society, and to implement effective Estate Planning with minimal effort and time investment. The firm works from the belief that planning should always be driven by purpose. As a result, there are no “canned” or pre-set planning solutions. Instead, I help clients identify their goals first and then build estate and business plans based on...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
John Mark Williams
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 30 years of experience
Bankruptcy, Insurance Defense and Personal Injury
Salmon P. Chase College of Law, Northern Kentucky University
We understand legal fires and how to put them out. You need a law firm with broad experience to make your life easier not harder. The Law Office of John M. Williams, LLC, is here to make your life easier and to put out that fire. We focus on the legal fires of consumer bankruptcy, wrongful death of a loved one, car accidents that caused personal injury, insurance defense litigation, and appeals of Veterans benefits and service connected benefits. We can help you with your civil cases small claims court, municipal court, common pleas court, and federal...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Thomas Charles James Jr
Cincinnati, OH Lawyer with 32 years of experience
Agricultural, Arbitration & Mediation, Business and Estate Planning
Emory University School of Law
I'm an attorney in a small firm in northeast suburban Cincinnati, assisting clients with civil litigation and arbitration, commercial transactions and disputes, insurance coverage, crop insurance, regulatory issues, contracts, estates, and other matters. In addition to almost 30 years of experience as a lawyer, I have sophisticated technical skills and a practical understanding of everyday business concerns.
Please feel free to reach out to me today about any legal needs that you or your business happen to have, either through LinkedIn, or by email (TomJames@SandersLPA.com), phone (513-229-8080), or a Twitter direct message (DM @tom_james). I look forward to meeting...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
H. Leon Hewitt
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 24 years of experience
Bankruptcy, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Traffic Tickets
University of Dayton School of Law
H. Leon Hewitt has always had a passion to be of service to others. Over his 19 years of legal practice he recognizes that every case is different with its own set of problems but also its own set of solutions. Attorney Hewitt believes that listening is a skill that is key to helping clients achieve their goals. He will always be a fierce advocate in representing your case and believes in positive client outcome. Prior to entering the field of law, he worked for over twenty years as a licensed pharmacist. He has volunteered his time as a Big...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Kara Harp
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 10 years of experience
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Salmon P. Chase College of Law, Northern Kentucky University
Kara has devoted her practice to solely representing injury victims. Kara joined TLF in 2014 after graduating from law school. She represents people needlessly injured due to medical negligence, including birth injuries, spinal cord injuries, stroke, wrongful death, and other catastrophic injuries. She enjoys immersing herself in the medicine and science applicable to each case to challenge negligent medical providers and advocate for her clients. She has been selected as a Super Lawyers Rising Star in Medical Malpractice, an award given to the top 2.5% of attorneys under age 40, since 2019. Kara has also successfully litigated and resolved cases...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Robert Perez
Cincinnati, OH Lawyer
Free ConsultationEmployment and Insurance Claims
Indiana University Maurer School of Law
Robert Armand Perez, Sr., M.S., J.D., limits his practice to helping individuals with disability, health, life insurance, and pension matters mostly under ERISA. He graduated Indiana University School of Law with his J.D. and the University of Cincinnati with a B.A. and M.S. in Health Administration.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial MediaResponsive Law
Timothy J Cook
Dayton, OH Attorney with 9 years of experience
Free ConsultationBusiness, Consumer, Foreclosure Defense and Real Estate
Capital University Law School
Timothy J. Cook is an experienced and accomplished consumer, foreclosure defense, and civil litigation lawyer. Timothy prides himself on representing individuals who want to hold mortgage servicers, banks , and big businesses accountable for their actions. It may seem that many companies are too big to care about the individual consumer and that is why getting an experienced consumer and foreclosure defense attorney is important.
Timothy is committed to thoroughly investigating and preparing each case in order to meet the needs and objectives of his clients. This includes taking the bank, mortgage servicers, or other parties to trial if needed. Not...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Aaron Paul Hartley
Dayton, OH Attorney with 16 years of experience
Divorce and Family
Indiana University - Indiana University-Bloomington
Attorney Aaron Hartley is devoted to delivering an exceptionally high level of attention, information, and professional service to each of his clients, and to achieving the favorable, cost-effective, and expeditious resolution of each client matter.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Olivia Kathleen Smith
Cincinnati, OH Attorney
Free ConsultationDivorce and Family
University of Baltimore
I am the principal attorney and owner of Olivia K. Smith, Attorney at Law, a practice focused primarily on the area of family, custody, and divorce law in Hamilton and Clermont County, Ohio. I think of myself as a problem solver. I am passionate and committed to using my legal knowledge as a family law attorney to find resolution so you can move onto the next phase of your life. I seek to fully understand your situation and offer thoughtful counsel to cope with what is likely a highly stressful time for all parties involved. I...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Stephen P O'Keefe
Dayton, OH Attorney with 29 years of experience
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Nursing Home and Personal Injury
Cleveland State University Cleveland-Marshall College of Law
Our focus on obtaining just compensation for our clients has allowed us to achieve many multimillion dollar verdicts and settlements, including one of the largest medical malpractice verdicts in Montgomery County history. We know and understand how difficult it is when an individual or family member suffers a horrible tragedy or death through the fault of medical professionals. When an individual or family member is injured as a result of medical care, the medical system does not provide answers to their questions. We will get your questions answered.
We represent individuals and families who have been...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Lauren Ashley
West Chester, OH Lawyer
(513) 449-0990
9078 Union Centre Blvd. Suite 350
West Chester, OH 45069
Divorce and Family
University of Cincinnati
Lauren exclusively practices Family Law. She represents her clients in all aspects of Family Law, including divorce, dissolution, child custody, spousal support, grandparents’ rights, prenuptial agreements, and protection orders.
She is dedicated to helping guide people through complex issues with expertise. Additionally, Lauren brings empathy and compassion into her advocacy.
Lauren values open and frequent communication with clients. Further, Lauren believes in alternative dispute resolution such as mediation, arbitration, and settlement conferences. However, she recognizes this path is not always possible, and as such, is an ardent litigator.
Ultimately, Lauren brings steadfastness, humility, and empathy into all of her cases.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Jorge Hernan Martinez
Blue Ash, OH Attorney with 15 years of experience
Immigration, Juvenile and Traffic Tickets
University of Cincinnati College of Law, and
An immigrant helping Immigrants.
Jorge is from Bogota, Colombia, where he became a lawyer in 1988. Moved to the United States in 2001 and since 2009 opened his practice where he serves the immigrant community. Now with two other bi-lingual attorneys in his firm he serves the immigrant community in immigration and criminal matters. We take pride in the quality of our services.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Christopher M. Diedling
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 7 years of experience
Free ConsultationDivorce, Estate Planning, Family and Probate
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Christopher Diedling is a partner in the law firm of Cornetet, Meyer, Rush & Stapleton whose practice is concentrated in the areas of Estate Planning, Estate Administration, Business Law, and Family Law.
Chris offers a free consultation to get started. Please contact Mallory at 513-672-6122 to schedule your consultation.
Chris helps families and individuals plan for the future by developing a legally sound Estate Plan. Estate Plans typically involve creating a Last Will and Testament, Revocable Living Trust, Durable Power of Attorney, and Living Will.
Chris was born and raised on the West side of Cincinnati where the core values of hard...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Adam Robert Fogelman
Hamilton, OH Attorney with 23 years of experience
(513) 443-8850
6 Second Street
KeyBank Building, Suite 207
Hamilton, OH 45011
Free ConsultationDivorce, Domestic Violence, Family and Juvenile
University of Toledo
Attorney Adam Fogelman is the founder and owner of The Fogelman Law Firm LLC, which has law offices in Hamilton, Batavia and Cincinnati, Ohio. A nationally ranked lawyer with more than 21 years of legal experience, Mr. Fogelman focuses his practice primarily on family law, and he provides invaluable counsel and support to clients in Butler, Clermont and Hamilton counties and beyond who are going through divorces or have other serious legal issues affecting their families.
In addition to his expertise in Family Law, Mr. Fogelman practices civil litigation and other legal areas, working for years with some of the biggest...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Lisa Suzanne Hollifield
Middletown, OH Attorney with 21 years of experience
Free ConsultationSocial Security Disability
University of Dayton School of Law
I've called Casper & Casper home since graduating from law school in 2003. I am proud to be part of a law firm with a 81 year history of representing people in Middletown, Cincinnati, Dayton, Hamilton, and Northern Kentucky. My practice focuses on representing the disabled in our communities.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Joshua Adam Engel
Mason, OH Attorney with 28 years of experience
Appeals, Civil Rights, Criminal Defense and Domestic Violence
Harvard Law School
Engel began his career as a prosecutor in 2001 by serving as an Assistant District Attorney in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. In 2002, he moved to Ohio and took a position as an Assistant Prosecuting Attorney working for Judge Rachel Hutzel in Warren County, Ohio. In Warren County, he handled some of the office’s most challenging and high-profile cases, including death penalty cases and cases featured on national news programs like 48 Hours. Engel rose to lead the office’s appellate division, where he not only handled appeals for the office, but was also called upon by state and national law enforcement...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Ronald Lee Burdge
Dayton, OH Lawyer with 46 years of experience
Over 40 years and more than 7,000 cases of experience handling motor vehicle Consumer Protection Laws, including Lemon Laws, state and federal defective vehicle warranty laws, the federal Magnuson Moss Warranty law, breach of contract, sales fraud, odometer rollback laws, and more. Admitted to practice law in federal courts located in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Colorado, Western Districts of Pennsylvania and New York, and elsewhere, and several state and federal courts of appeals and Ohio and Kentucky state courts.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Georgianna Inez Parisi
Dayton, OH Attorney
Free ConsultationBusiness, Elder, Estate Planning and Real Estate
University of Dayton School of Law
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Eric William Gile
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 10 years of experience
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Northern Kentucky University
Highly-reviewed Ohio and Kentucky attorney focusing on personal injury and wrongful death cases.
After graduating with honors from Chase College of Law in 2014, Eric began representing victims who suffered catastrophic injury and loss as a result of another’s negligence. Since that time, Eric has focused his practice on representing those hurt from car accidents, commercial trucking accidents, pedestrian accidents, slip and fall incidents, and wrongful death claims.
Eric was named in the Top 40 under 40 by the American Society of Legal Advocates in 2017 and 2018, and was named on of the Ten Best in Ohio by the American Institute...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&A
Andrew M. Engel
Centerville, OH Attorney with 34 years of experience
Free ConsultationAppeals, Consumer and Real Estate
American University Washington College of Law
My practice includes all areas of consumer protection law, including mortgage foreclosure defense, predatory lending, mortgage broker fraud, home improvement claims, and other consumer claims. Recent case victories include: Fed. Nat'l. Home Loan Mtge. Corp. v. Schwartzwald, (Oct. 31, 2012) 2012-Ohio-5017. This case is a huge victory for Ohio homeowners. It will help level the playing field for homeowners, and it provides hope to those who have previously lost their home to foreclosure. The Supreme Court ruled that a bank must have the right to enforce the note and mortgage on the day it files its foreclosure case....
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Paul Spaeth
Dayton, OH Attorney with 41 years of experience
Bankruptcy, Business and Collections
The Ohio State University Michael E. Moritz College of Law
Paul H. Spaeth has been representing bankruptcy clients, both debtors and creditors, for over 26 years. He began his career as a bankruptcy attorney working for a government agency that monitors bankruptcy cases. He entered private practice in 1990, representing clients in personal and business bankruptcies, from the simplest to the most complex. Mr. Spaeth has been a solo practitioner for over 17 years. His goal is to provide the best possible representation and to be approachable and responsive. He has been rated "AV" (preeminent), the highest rating, by his peers through the Martindale Hubbell rating process....
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Stephen King
Montgomery, OH Lawyer with 28 years of experience
Free ConsultationDivorce, Estate Planning and Family
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Stephen R. King is a partner and one of the noteworthy Cincinnati family law attorneys at King, Koligian & Associates, LLC. His decision to become a lawyer stemmed from his desire to interact and help people with their predicament. After receiving his law degree at the University of Cincinnati, Attorney King has focused his practice on family law litigation, including collaborative law. His passion for his work and clients earned him the title of outstanding lawyer in the Cincinnati Business Courier’s edition of Who’s Who in Greater Cincinnati Law. Discuss your case with Attorney King when you call (513) 793-2353.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Joseph Candito
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 38 years of experience
Free ConsultationDUI & DWI, Divorce, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Dayton School of Law
For over 35 years, Joseph Candito has been providing effective and compassionate legal representation to individuals and families in Hamilton, Clermont, Butler and Warren Counties. My primary practice is in Probate, Estate Planning, Criminal, and Family Law; and have experience in a wide variety of legal issues including but not limited to Small Business Incorporation, Residential Real Estate Practice and Personal Injury matters. We are a full service general practice firm.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
William Randall Rock
Dayton, OH Lawyer with 40 years of experience
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Personal Injury
University of Dayton School of Law
Legal matters can be intimidating, overwhelming and stressful. For over three decades I have had the privilege and satisfaction of helping people solve legal problems. Most who contact my office are experiencing difficult times and, therefore, legal representation must be competent, effective and conducted with intense enthusiasm and devotion to purpose. In a word, legal representation must be zealous. If you have a concern and seek professional legal advise, contact our office and schedule a FREE INITIAL and CONFIDENTIAL CONSULTATION to discuss your case. Our fees are reasonable, affordable and agreeable payment plans can...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Amie Wright
West Chester, OH Attorney with 8 years of experience
(513) 449-0990
9078 Union Centre Blvd. Suite 350
West Chester, OH 45069
Divorce and Family
University of Dayton School of Law
I was born and raised in Cincinnati, Ohio on the westside. I attended Walnut Hills High School and was a cheerleader for four years. I also participated in theater classes and productions throughout my time at Walnut Hills.
Walnut prepared me for my next steps in life. I attended Butler University in Indianapolis where I majored in history and minored in psychology. Law school became an interest of mine at age 16. If I could not make it in, then I wanted to teach high school history.
I was lucky enough to be accepted to the University of Dayton School of Law....
Claimed Lawyer ProfileResponsive Law
Donald Moser
Fairfield, OH Lawyer with 37 years of experience
Divorce and Family
William & Mary Marshall-Wythe School of Law
Family Law Practice for over 30 years in Butler County. Practice dedicated to family and marital law, representing clients for matters related to marriage, family, and children. Practice includes preparing Wills and other estate planning for clients. (Prior to 1994, additional years of law practice with various law firms.)
Fully trained and qualified as collaborative law lawyer since 2002. Court experience includes co-counsel for three capital murder cases, civil and criminal jury trials. Other experience includes thousands of civil and other court hearings, numerous consultations and representation of clients with varied legal matters and concerns. ...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&A
Philip Allan Logan
Cincinnati, OH Lawyer with 52 years of experience
Divorce, Estate Planning, Family and Probate
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Mr. Logan was admitted to practice before all Ohio and federal courts including the Ohio State Supreme Court, U.S. District Court, U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. Supreme Court. He concentrates his practice primarily in civil trial litigation, especially in personal injury, products liability and family law.
He is a member of the Cincinnati Bar Association and serves on committees including Arbitration, Domestic Relations, and Negligence Law.
Mr. Logan is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association, where he serves on the Negligence Law Committee and Family Law Committee. On the Legislative Drafting Sub-Committee he helped author Ohio's property division...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Russ B. Cope
Dayton, OH Lawyer with 16 years of experience
Free ConsultationBankruptcy, Consumer and Foreclosure Defense
University of Dayton School of Law
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Janet Ellen Keller
Madeira, OH Lawyer with 20 years of experience
Free ConsultationEstate Planning and Probate
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Ellen's practice primarily in the areas of estate planning, probate, and general business matters. Ellen works with individuals and families to advise and draft estate plans to meet their needs, including planning for family members with special needs. She also enjoys helping clients who are starting their own business or are adding to their existing business. In her estate practice Ellen focuses on helping clients put together all of the documents necessary not only to manage their assets after death but to provide options in the event of incapacity. She has a wide range of experience in drafting Wills, Trusts,...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Stephen Kinnear Shaw
Madeira, OH Attorney
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Joseph Charles Lucas
Centerville, OH Attorney with 20 years of experience
Free ConsultationBusiness, Estate Planning, Municipal and Real Estate
University of Pennsylvania Law School
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Stephen Jenei
Cincinnati, OH Attorney with 29 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Patents and Trademarks
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Stephen is an attorney with Jenei LLC. His practice emphasizes all aspects of patent prosecution, as well as licensing and copyright issues. He has worked in a broad range of technology areas including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, ceramics, medical devices, superconductors, semiconductor products, chemicals and chemical processes. Stephen handles a diverse intellectual property practice in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and chemical fields for leading universities, research hospitals and research institutes, as well as biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies ranging from start- up to Fortune 500 companies. He is designated as one of "America's Leading Business Lawyers" in intellectual property by Chambers &...