Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Donovan A Rodriques
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 11 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business and Entertainment & Sports
Norman Manley Law School, Edinburgh University School of Law and University of the West Indies
I am a business and entertainment attorney. I concentrate my practice in the area of film and television development, financing, production and distribution. I represent producers, talent, entertainment companies and entrepreneurs, including a number of startups and emerging companies in media, sports and entertainment technologies.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Nicholas Andrews
Depew, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 3 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Real Estate and Trademarks
Liberty University
My name is Nicholas Andrews. I decided to become a lawyer when I was a junior in high school. Before that, I never really knew what I wanted to be. In elementary school I thought I would be a fireman because they drove cool trucks, or maybe an “army guy” like my big brother. In junior high, I thought about being a chemist. But I quickly discovered I was not cut out for that. Nothing else really appealed to me, until I heard someone mention how someone else would make a good lawyer. That got me thinking that maybe I...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Ravi Ivan Sharma
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 33 years of experience
IP, Appeals, Business and Communications
Northeastern Univ School of Law
Top quality full service general practice of law with individual care and advice to individuals and small and large businesses alike. Major fields include Business and Corporate Transactions, Food and Beverage Liquor Law, Entertainment Law, Family Law, Wills and Trusts, Real Estate, Criminal Defense and Appeals.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Ekaterina Mouratova
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Immigration and Real Estate
Elisabeth Haub School of Law - Pace University
I am a founder of The Law Firm of Ekaterina Mouratova, PLLC. The legal practice of my firm focuses on business and corporate law, immigration, securities regulations, intellectual property, and real estate transactions.
I believe that qualified legal representation involves not only expertise in the subject matter and outstanding performance, but also creativity and determination to find the most beneficial procedures for my clients. Whether advising multinational companies on cross-border transactions and joint ventures, or assisting individual entrepreneurs, artists, and immigrants, I do my job in an efficient, result-oriented, expeditious and personable manner.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
David Gouiran
Staten Island, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 26 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Elder and Real Estate
New York Law School
I want to help people, using my training and skills, to protect themselves and their loved ones, legally and to accomplish their financial goals.
I am passionate about business and financial matters (and math!). I find too many people who could have used the assistance of a business attorney and counselor, do not avail themselves of one, and then something unexpected happens, and they find themselves in an avoidable, unwanted situation. I will do my best to help you avoid such circumstances. My practice is limited in scope and much of what I can help you with is located on my...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Glenn Eric Gold
New York City, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 26 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Patents and Trademarks
University of Miami
Hi, and thank you for visiting my Justia profile. My name is Glenn Gold and together with my partner John Rizvi we founded "The Idea Attorneys", a leading Patent and Trademark Legal Practice.
Did you know that approximately 75% of American publicly traded companies worth lays in intangible assets.
Intellectual Property accounts for a massive $5 Trillion, larger than any other economy in the world. It is the fastest way to wealth that exists today. It is also one of the mainstays of the American Dream and it is even mentioned in Article 1 of the constitution:
"To promote the progress of...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial MediaResponsive Law
Elizabeth Barnhard
White Plains, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 42 years of experience
Elizabeth Barnhard is the Chair of the Pharma/Biotech Practice Group, working closely with clients to protect new inventions and products, with an emphasis on pharmaceutical and biological products and related technologies. With her many years of pharma industry and law firm experience, she helps clients create robust intellectual property portfolios that add value to their businesses. Having conducted, authored and supervised many patentability, freedom-to-operate, infringement, validity, product and manufacturing patent clearances in the areas of oncology/immunology, infectious diseases, virology, central nervous system disorders, cardiovascular/metabolic disorders, and molecular genetics, she helps her clients arrive at creative, value-adding solutions.
Ms. Barnhard is experienced...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial MediaResponsive Law
Glen Alan Kendall
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 13 years of experience
IP, Business, Employment and Estate Planning
Brooklyn Law School
Glen A. Kendall has an exceptional track record representing small and medium-sized businesses and individuals in complex, high stakes litigation and arbitration across the New York area.
He regularly serves as lead counsel in business and employment matters involving breach of contract, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, employment discrimination, restrictive covenants, defamation, trade secret misappropriation, and copyright and trademark infringement. Mr. Kendall also handles trusts and estates matters involving probate, will contests, contested accountings, and fiduciary removal proceedings. Clients entrust Mr. Kendall because of his compassion, zealous advocacy, and creativity in problem-solving.
A significant portion of Mr. Kendall’s practice involves...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Ava (Na) Li
Albany, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer
Free ConsultationIP, Estate Planning, Immigration and Trademarks
South Texas College of Law and Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology
Founder Attorney of
AVA LI LAW PLLC
since 2021
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Jay Richard McDaniel
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 32 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP
Rutgers University - Newark
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Nikki Breeland
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 4 years of experience
IP and Entertainment & Sports
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law and University of Mississippi School of Law
Nikki attended Mississippi University for Women, and obtained her B.A. in Political Science in 2013. She also attended Missouri University of Science & Technology where she obtained her B.A., summa cum laude, in History in 2015.
Nikki received her J.D., magna cum laude, in 2018 from the University of Mississippi School of Law with a concentration in Entertainment & Sports Law. Nikki served as a member of the Mississippi Law Journal, Federal Courts Law Review, and Mississippi Sports Law Review. Nikki was selected as a member of the Phi Delta Phi Honor Society and served as the President of the...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
David Haber
Garden City, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 20 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
Columbia Law School
David Haber is a partner at Cobert, Haber & Haber with expertise in complex litigation.
David has represented Plaintiffs and Defendants in Federal and State Courts in a variety of matters, including commercial, personal injury, and intellectual property litigation.
David is also active in the firm’s transactional practice, representing institutional lenders in making secured loans to New York City Taxi Medallion Owners.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
John Laurence
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer
Free ConsultationIP, Patents and Trademarks
Fordham University School of Law and New York Law School
John C. Laurence received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Polytechnic University and his J.D. from New York Law School. He also received his LLM for Intellectual Property and Information Law Technology Law. He is a member of the New York State Bar, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (Patent Bar), and the District Court of the Southern District of New York.
John has experience in many facets of intellectual property law, including preparing, prosecuting, and enforcing trademarks, patents, and copyrights. John has helped individuals and businesses identify, develop, and enforce their intellectual property rights. John has drafted and prosecuted patent...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Victor Knapp
Kew Gardens, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 44 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Domestic Violence
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, St. John's University School of Law and St. John's University School of Law
I have more than 33 years of experience providing aggressive legal representation for the people of Queens and the New York City area. I have worked with thousands of adult and juvenile clients facing a wide variety of misdemeanor and felony charges, including complex and high-profile cases. Some of my legal achievements have received media coverage, such as my representation in the Howard Beach riot case, and have also been as cited as precedent-setting matters reported in legal journals and casebooks. I bring the same tenacity to every case I handle, taking a strategic approach to...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial MediaResponsive Law
Lloyd Jan Jassin
New York,, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 32 years of experience
(212) 354-4442
The Paramount Bldg
1501 Broadway, FL 12
New York,, NY 10036
IP, Communications, Entertainment & Sports and Trademarks
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
My focus is on publishing and entertainment transactions. I counsel authors, agents, composers, literary estates, publishing professionals, publishers and other businesses and individuals on copyright, licensing, fair use, defamation, privacy, and trademark related matters. I also review or "vet" manuscripts for media perils such as libel. Before becoming an attorney I was Director of Publicity for Prentice Hall Press and the Simon & Schuster General Reference Group. Prior to forming my firm, I was a trademark associate with Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman in NYC. Clients gain access to all of the knowledge, counsel, and advocacy that my firm can...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Raymond James Dowd
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 31 years of experience
IP and Business
Fordham University School of Law
Partner, Dunnington Bartholow & Miller LLP. Attorney experienced in civil litigation and arbitration in federal and state courts, emphasis on copyright, trademark, trade secret and domain name issues, heirship and title disputes, contract, licensing, authenticity and ownership disputes. Extensive experience in licensing and fine art. Author Copyright Litigation Handbook (Thomson Reuters 2015-2016, Copyright Litigation Blog.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Eric W. Fries
Brooklyn, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 13 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Communications and Trademarks
The City University of New York School of Law
I am a New York-based, trademark lawyer with years of experience helping US and international clients register their trademarks. I am dedicated to providing personal, top-notch IP services to my diverse client base at reasonable, flat-fee prices.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial MediaResponsive Law
Hillary Johns
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 30 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Employment and Entertainment & Sports
Golden Gate University School of Law
Ms. Johns is a civil trial lawyer who has tried more than one hundred cases to verdict. She is the managing partner for Hillary Johns, Trial Lawyer which maintains offices in Beverly Hills, the Bay Area and New York City. She graduated from Occidental College in 1990 and Golden Gate University School of Law in 1993 where she graduated with Dean’s List and class honors. She is licensed to practice law in California, the California Southern, Central and Northern U.S. Federal District Courts, the District of Columbia, Montana, New York, and the New York Eastern and Southern U.S....
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Stefan Stoyanov
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 19 years of experience
IP, Business, Patents and Trademarks
Cornell Law School
I am a former engineer and programmer turned lawyer helping clients in all aspects of intellectual property, technology & business law. Over the past 13 years I have represented and counseled clients in numerous patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret matters, including litigation, licensing, protecting technologies through patents, trademarks, copyrights and other methods, assessing risks for new product launches, assessing the strengths of IP portfolios, devising licensing strategies, helping with mergers and acquisitions, and many other.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Steven Mark Hoffberg
West Harrison, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 34 years of experience
IP, Patents and Trademarks
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
I am an patent, trademark, and IP attorney admitted in NY and CT. I assist companies, institutions, and individuals in planning and executing IP strategies, including creating technologies, obtaining strong protection and enforcement, acquiring, licensing, brokering and selling patents, and assist in developing commercialization plans. I work with other members of the firm to provide a full range of legal services.
I specialize in interdisciplinary technologies, especially Internet/networking, computer and information science, cryptography, cryptocurrencies/distributed ledger, modified reality, ad hoc communications networks, information security, optimization theory, human interface systems and ergonomics, automated control systems, data and image analysis, and MEMS,...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Elena Gurevich
Brooklyn, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 4 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP and Trademarks
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Elena Gurevich is an Intellectual Property attorney with a background in both Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence.
With a degree from Benjamin N. Cardozo school of Law, Elena Gurevich combines a strong legal background with a deep understanding of the technical aspects of Blockchain and AI. This allows her to provide expert counsel to clients on a wide range of legal issues related to these cutting-edge technologies.
Elena is known for her ability to evaluate complex technology and provide practical, business-minded advice. Elena’s expertise includes advising on copyrights and trademarks, with a focus on new emerging technologies such as Blockchain and AI.
Elena Gurevich...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial MediaResponsive Law
Morgen Bowers
Chatham, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 24 years of experience
IP, Business, Real Estate and Trademarks
Cardozo School Of Law
Morgen's practice includes general corporate work (including formation, governance and financing), alcohol industry licensing, intellectual property law (focusing on trademark and copyright protection, licensing and enforcement), trusts and estates, and representation of banks, purchasers and sellers in commercial and residential real estate transactions. Morgen began her legal practice in 1999 at a large international Wall Street law firm where she specialized in private and syndicated secured, unsecured and structured financings in the New York and Hong Kong offices. Morgen received her Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in 1999 where she was Senior...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Leonid Mikityanskiy
Brooklyn, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer
IP, Business, Patents and Trademarks
Experienced intellectual property attorney with over 18 years of practice - specializing in patents and trademarks, admitted to practice before United States Patent and Trademark Office and in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania.
Leonid received his Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the New York Polytechnic University (now NYU Tandon School of Engineering). After working five years as an engineering consultant, he pursued a law degree from Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. Leonid worked for a boutique law firm and later for a Top 25 Am Law/Global 100 general services law firm.
After working in Big Law for several...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg Search
Daniel H. Erskine
New Rochelle, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 20 years of experience
IP, Business, Communications and International
The George Washington University Law School and Suffolk University Law School
Daniel H. Erskine, a New York and Connecticut admitted attorney and solicitor of England and Wales, represents U.S. individuals, companies, joint ventures, foreign businesses, and foreign nationals on complex legal matters under U.S. and U.K. law. Prior to entering private practice, Mr. Erskine served as a shareholder and counsel to a business involved in relocating large scale production facilities from either US or foreign locations. Mr. Erskine also completed a judicial clerkship at the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in Washington, DC. He now operates a solo practice focused on international business transactions, advising on US and English...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Steven Fairchild
BROOKLYN, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 18 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Patents and Trademarks
George Washington University Law School and Georgetown University Law Center
Steven Fairchild graduated from Georgetown Law in 2006 and subsequently moved to New York City. There, he worked for a number of years in large firms (Morgan & Finnegan and Loeb & Loeb), mostly on complex patent litigation cases. After having gained the experience with corporate law firms, Steve ventured on his own and branched out into other areas of intellectual property, in addition to handling other civil litigation matters.
Mr. Fairchild is a registered attorney in good standing with the States of New York and New Jersey, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the Southern District of New...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Victoria Smolyar
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 11 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP
Hofstra University
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Anthony John Davis
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 31 years of experience
IP, Business, Construction and Trademarks
Syracuse University College of Law
Tony is a Partner in Nicoll Davis & Spinella's Litigation and Compliance & Corporate Governance Departments, where he counsels organizations and individuals on a wide range of legal and business issues. He has over twenty years of federal and state court experience specializing in complex commercial and corporate litigation; construction litigation; shareholder and partnership disputes; intellectual property and anti-counterfeiting litigation; and general corporate matters. He has extensive experience overseeing and managing trademark and anti-counterfeiting cases. He provides strategic counseling involving trademarks, service marks, e-commerce and licensing issues as well as intellectual property portfolio management and anti-counterfeiting. He...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
David Marc Deemer
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 12 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Estate Planning and Real Estate
New York Law School
I am a NY attorney whose practice focuses primarily on real estate matters including, but not limited to, residential purchases and sales, financing, commercial lease review, landlord-tenant matters, entity formation, estate sales, and 1031 exchanges, as well business law, and estate planning, estate administration, and elder care law.
I have conducted several "new homebuyer" seminars in Manhattan and pride myself on the ability to get the desired result for my clients even when faced with complex issues and difficult and adversarial attitudes from other parties involved in a transaction.
I am the founding member and the Managing Attorney of The Deemer...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Leslie Mark Greenbaum
Buffalo, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 50 years of experience
IP, Patents and Trademarks
SUNY Buffalo Law School
Leslie Mark Greenbaum has been an attorney with Gross Shuman P.C. since 1978. He concentrates his practice in the areas of copyright, trademark, entertainment, art and sports law, unfair competition and related litigation. He is admitted to practice in all State and Federal courts in the State of New York and to the United States Supreme Court.
For several Western New York arts and community organizations, Les serves as a member of the board and/or an advisor. He frequently lectures to professional and general audiences in his areas of concentration.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial MediaResponsive Law
Benjamin Charles Korray
Brooklyn, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 12 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Entertainment & Sports and Trademarks
New York Law School
Korray Law is a boutique law firm dedicated to serving the legal needs of businesses, entrepreneurs, and creative individuals. Our clients include businesses and individuals in various sectors including retail, entertainment, manufacturing, clothing, food and restaurant, jewelry, and media, film and music.
We stand out from other law firms by providing our clients with consistent and honest one-on-one attention, maintaining a transparent approach to billing, and bridging the communication divide between the creative and corporate worlds.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
James K. Landau
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 39 years of experience
(212) 370-1300
1345 Avenue of the Americas
11th Floor
New York, NY 10105
IP, Arbitration & Mediation, Business and Employment
Boston University School of Law and University of Michigan Law School
Representative Experience
Representation of a large New York developer in an appraisal proceeding to determine the replacement value of several iconic structures that were destroyed during the terrorist attacks on September 11th.
Representation of a large Manhattan landlord in connection with numerous lawsuits involving its commercial tenants.
Representation of a major New York City newspaper in connection with an action commenced against its general contractor and engineer for damages for the negligent design and construction of its printing and distribution facility.
Representation of a Westchester commercial landlord in a holdover proceeding against its commercial tenant.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Star Kashman
Brooklyn, NY Intellectual Property Attorney
IP, Communications, Products Liability and Trademarks
Brooklyn Law School
Star Kashman is an attorney and award winning legal scholar, known for her pioneering contributions to the intersection of technology and law. As an attorney barred in Pennsylvania, Kashman has gained recognition for her groundbreaking work on Search Engine Hacking, also known as Google Dorking, marking her as a leading voice in the field of cybersecurity and privacy law.
Her expertise and dedication to advancing digital safety have earned her prestigious accolades, including an award from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), which oversees critical national security entities like the CIA and NSA, and her recognition as an...
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Hanbin Wang
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 23 years of experience
IP, International, Maritime and White Collar Crime
St. John's University School of Law
In addition to maritime, U.S. customs and trade law and regulation, I also focus on Investment Contractual Disputes, Investment Negligence and Fraud in the Area of Immigration (EB-5), Overseas Education, Real Estate Transaction, and Partnership. Bilingual-Chinese. Disclaimer: The painting of Hanbin Wang in the traditional barrister wig and uniform by itself does not imply Mr. Wang's ability to obtain results.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Julie Norma Samuels
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 26 years of experience
276 Fifth Avenue
Suite 704
New York, NY 10001
Free ConsultationIP, Business and Entertainment & Sports
New York Law School
I worked in corporate for many years at the New York City Opera, Condé Nast, and Artsy. Good experiences all, but as my experience grew so did my frustration at not being able to be the lawyer that I wanted to be. Thinking about each “job” and my “work” independently of the other clarified for me that I wanted to find a closer relationship between the two so that I could say that I loved doing both.
*
My work at Artsy solidified my thinking about the lawyer that I am and want to continue to be –working closely with creatives...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Vincent Lo Tempio
Buffalo, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 36 years of experience
IP, Patents and Trademarks
Western Michigan University Cooley Law School
Vincent G. LoTempio is a Registered Patent Attorney with experience in patent law in both corporate and private practice. His practice focuses on all intellectual property matters including patent, trademark, copyright prosecution and infringement litigation. Mr. LoTempio is a consultant to corporations regarding IP management and strategy.
Vincent G. LoTempio has had a varied professional career as a trial attorney, educator, and patent practitioner. He has lectured and taught CLE courses regarding patent and trademark law.
Mr. LoTempio is an instructor in continuing education programs and currently teaches a course for corporate R & D employees entitled Patent Fundamentals:...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Andrea Tarshus
Grand Island, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 12 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business and Trademarks
Albany Law School
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Umar Farooq
New York, NY Intellectual Property Lawyer with 16 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Business, Communications and Securities
SUNY Buffalo Law School
Elevate Your Legal Experience
SWIFT RESPONSES, ALWAYS
Say goodbye to the days of waiting for days or even weeks for a simple response. Our dedicated team of legal experts is committed to providing lightning-fast replies, ensuring your queries and concerns are addressed promptly.
RAPID TURNAROUNDS, GUARANTEED
Imagine having your legal documents prepared, reviewed, and finalized in record time. With our cutting-edge approach, we’re rewriting the rulebook on turnaround times. We thrive on challenges and deadlines, delivering comprehensive legal solutions without compromising on quality.
UNPARALLELED PRECISION
Faster doesn’t mean sloppy. Our seasoned legal professionals are masters of their craft, meticulously crafting and reviewing every detail with unwavering...
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
David Bythewood
Mineola, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 40 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP, Appeals, Business and Civil Rights
Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
William W Chuang
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 16 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP and Business
New York University School of Law
Before founding Jakubowitz & Chuang LLP, William worked as an intellectual property litigation associate in a Vault 50 law firm. William focuses his practice on intellectual property issues such as copyrights and trademarks. He has obtained copyrights and trademarks for his clients, and have represented both rightholders and accused infringers in court.
William is admitted to practice before the courts of the State of New York, as well as the Eastern and Southern District Courts of New York.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawg SearchSocial Media
Geoffrey George Gussis
New York, NY Intellectual Property Attorney with 25 years of experience
Free ConsultationIP and Business
Washington University School of Law
I have practiced business law for two decades, and have significant experience in counseling companies from their start-up phase through a sale. My experience includes negotiating strategic transactions and advising on day to day business issues. I have significant experience in technology transactions, from SaaS to Agile development and traditional software licensing.